Tasiu Magaji

Abstract

This paper explores the contested sovereignty in Nigeria, where the existence of armed groups and weakened state institutions have led to a decline in governmental power. It analyses the ways in which the Nigerian government's exclusive control over violence and territory is challenged by the dynamics involving non-state armed groups, such as separatist movements, bandit militias, and Boko Haram, along with the decline of state institutions. Employing a solely base on 2015-2025 secondary data method, the research consolidates findings from academic publications, conflict databases (including ACLED and the Nigeria Security Tracker), governmental documents, and evaluations from international organisations. By means of thematic and comparative analysis, the study explores trends of state withdrawal, the emergence of alternative governance systems, and the effects on national stability. Based on the research, armed groups are exploiting weaknesses within the state institutions to dominate communities and regions, leading to an increasing fragmentation of Nigeria's sovereignty. This study contributes to broader discussions surrounding hybrid governance, state collapse, and the challenges associated with restoring state authority in prolonged periods of instability.

   

Full-Text:

---

   

Published: 2026

---

   

Issue:

Articles

---